Hello,
There are two parts in your question, first storing the data in SQL server, secondly representing it in a web page.
1) storing the data.
You could use LaTeX expressions, they are a way to format mathematical expression as strings. All you need to do is to store the LaText expression in SQL server in a string field.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX[
^]
For example this is how you represent the Lorenz equations:
\begin{aligned}
\dot{x} & = \sigma(y-x) \\
\dot{y} & = \rho x - y - xz \\
\dot{z} & = -\beta z + xy
\end{aligned}
You will find plenty of LaText literature on the web.
2) displaying an equation on a web page.
To display an equation you could use a javaScript product called MathJax, it is very simple to use and understands Latext syntax.
http://www.mathjax.org/[
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Valery