You could achieve this with an SQL Dependency and Signal R. Whenever a new record is entered into the table, the dependency would trigger an event that you could catch and then forward on to your Signal R hub.
Have a go of Signal R, it's possibly the simpliest thing I've ever worked with to get up and running quickly!
Have a look at the documentation (you'll be able to get something running if you follow this)
https://github.com/SignalR/SignalR/wiki/QuickStart-Hubs[
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...and an article from Scott
http://www.hanselman.com/blog/AsynchronousScalableWebApplicationsWithRealtimePersistentLongrunningConnectionsWithSignalR.aspx[
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If you control all of the code (e.g. the code that is putting data into your SQL table) then you can intercept at this point and just send a message to your Hub and you wouldn't need an SQL Dependency.