You should add each item from Relation enum into the ComboBoxColumn Items:
var combo = (grid.Columns["PatientRelation"] as DataGridViewComboBoxColumn);
foreach (var item in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Relation)))
combo.Items.Add(item);
Then you can set ComboBoxColumn.DataPropertyName = "Relation" and attach List to grid's DataSource:
var list = new List<Patient>();
list.Add(new Patient(){Relation = Relation.Relation1, Name = "X"});
list.Add(new Patient(){Relation = Relation.Relation2, Name = "Y"});
grid.DataSource = list;
No more DataError