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How to extract date from string?
As you can see converting date string with missing information do not regenerate that missing information, it is because the date format is not standard.
You need to standardize the string to a standard date format, you need to reinsert the missing thousand of the year, and for this, you need to use your knowledge that it is a birthday of human.
To standardize the string, you need to extract the century and deduce what is the missing thousand digit.
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Is there any other way?
No, there is no other way.
Details may differ, on how you want to use language features, but it is the idea.