Image 1
Introduction
I still remember it was a neatly done report that got me my first pay raise (everyone likes pay raise, right?). Ever since, I am very passionate about report writing. In this article, I will guide you through in a step by step manner as to how to create a simple report using MS Reporting Services 2005; and host it with Smart Client application.
So, are you ready to get your share of pay raise? Why not! Who knows, your neatly done report can just do that.
Prior to this article, I wrote three others, which were addressing different issues related to the reporting services. However, all of them were targeted towards the intermediate-advance level audience. From all the feedback I received, one was common, quite a few of you asked for an article which will be specially geared towards the novice-beginner level.
I assume the reader has basic understanding of the Visual Studio 2005 IDE and is comfortable with writing code using C#. You don’t have to know MS Reporting Services to understand this article; although, any previous experience with report writing would help to fast track yourself.
Although, I am calling this article 101, my intention is to adopt the applied approach rather than discuss each and every topic associated with reporting services. I am touching on the most common aspect of report designing with most commonly used controls. I would strongly encourage you to please go through the MSDN documentation for more detailed information.
*Updated to add Access Database interface.
Let’s Roll Up Our Sleeves, It’s Reporting Time
Please take a look at Image 1. How complex is that report? How much time do you think it will take to create such a report? Well, as for complexity, it is a simple report extracted out of source NorthWind->Products (SQL Server 2000) and lists all the products information with summary totals.
About time, obviously, it should not take you hours to do it. About R&D and trial & error time, I leave that to you; dig down deep; the deeper you will explore, the better treasure you will find.
Here it is, the million $ question: How to start? What is going to be the first step?
Often, it is very easy to find out what should be the first step. Have you seen a house built before the foundation? No! So, have I given you a hint here? Sure, we must first develop the Smart Client to host our report.
Step 1: Create Windows Application Project
Please do the following to create a Windows Application (Smart Client) project:
- Select File menu -> New -> Project.
- Choose C# from Project Types pane.
- In the Templates pane, choose Windows Application for Visual C# projects.
In the Name box, name the project something unique (I named the attached project code – rsWin101) to indicate the application's purpose. In the Location box, enter the directory in which you want to save your project, or click the Browse button to navigate to it. Once you are done, you will find Form1 added to the project and you can start working on it using Forms Designer.
Please update the following properties of Form1:
Form1.Text = "MS Reporting Services 101 with Smart Client"
Form1.Size = 750, 300
Feel free to change any other property of Form1 as per your requirement.
Step 2: Add Report Viewer to the Form
So, what is report viewer? As we need the DVD player to play a DVD; the same goes with the reports, we need a report viewer to have the report preview done.
For all those who are brand new to report writing, I would say, report viewer gives life to your reports. It not only previews the output, further, it also facilitates you to generate the information in the various popular formats (pdf, Excel, etc.). You can also take a hard copy print of the report while you are viewing the output.
Please perform the following actions to setup Report Viewer Control on Form1:
- Drag ToolBox -> Data -> ReportViewer and drop it on
Form1. This step will create a new instance of ReportViewer with name reportViewer1. I always wanted to name reportViewer1 to rpvAbraKaDabra, hence, won't let this chance pass by now. As I picked rpvAbraKaDabra, feel free to pick yours, let those imagination horses run wild! - By setting
reportViewer1.Dock = Fill, report viewer will fill the entire surface of form for report display purposes.
After step 1 and step 2, your project should look as per Image 2.
Image 2
Step 3: Add DataSet to the Project
Hurray! We are done with the foundation. It’s time to put walls around the foundation; eventually these walls will hold the doors and windows of your home. DataSet is just that for Report Viewer, it holds and provides the raw data from data source to be processed and ready to be output on the Smart Client interface.
The following step is required to have DataSet added to project:
- Select Add -> New Item -> DataSet from Solution Explorer. Change name from
DataSet1 to dsProduct and click on Add button to complete the action.
Let’s add a DataTable to our newly created DataSet. DataTable is essential to load the reporting data; we will use the information from DataSet/DataTable while designing the report.
Following steps are required to have DataTable added to DataSet(dsProduct):
- Double click on
dsProduct from Solution Explorer; it will open the designer view. Right-click on the designer surface and Add -> DataTable. Please click on header and change the name to dtProductList. Please see Image 3.
Image 3
Let’s start adding columns to DataTable(dtProductList). Your designer screen should look like Image 4. Right-click on dtProductList and select Add -> Column to start adding columns to DataTable.
Image 4
Please repeat the action for the following columns:
ProductName (String)QuantityPerUnit (String)UnitPrice (Double)UnitsInStock (Double)UnitValue (Double) – A calculated field based on UnitsInStock * UnitPrice
As you are adding columns, by default, it is string data type. Please go to properties windows after selecting column to change it from String to Integer or Double.
Please see image 5. Your DataTable should look the same. Also, you can see the properties window to change the data type.
Image 5
Have you heard of “Typed DataSet”? If not, then we have just created a Typed DataSet here. Please consult online help to know more about Typed DataSet.
Step 4: Add Report to the Project
Alright, so far we created the project; added Report Viewer and DataSet. Now, it is time to deal with the star of the show! Let’s create that neat report.
Following steps are required to have Report (rptProductList.rdlc):
- Select Add -> New Item -> Report from Solution Explorer. Change name from Report1.rdlc to rptProductList.rdlc and click on Add button to complete the action.
Typically, after add action is finished, your screen should be similar to Image 6. When a report is added to project, it is ready to use the DataSet for designing.
Image 6
Whether this is your very first report or you are a reporting junkie like me; we have to deal with the most basic building blocks of report writing, which is: Header, Body and Footer.
Typically, reports are designed with specific page size and layout in mind. Our report is Letter size and Portrait layout. You can explore various properties attached to report layout by right clicking anywhere on open designer surface and select properties.
It is always advisable to draw a prototype of your report on paper, before you start the design attempt. As you can see in Image 1, we have Report Name and Report Date in header section. The body section has the product list information together with summary totals; and footer carries the Page Numbers.
Let’s start working on Page Header:
When new report is added to project, by default, all you will see in report designer is the body section. Right click on report designer surface anywhere other then body and select Page Header. This will add header to report. Feel free to adjust the height of header and body section. See Image 7, I have reduced the height of body and increased the height of the header.
Image 7
While inside the report designer, if you explore the Toolbox, you will see variety of controls which can be used to design report. For our example, we will use, TextBox, Line and Table control. I would encourage you to go through the online documents if you need detailed information for all available controls.
Header Section
Let’s start designing the header. We will start by dragging two TextBox and dropping on header section. Textbox can show both static and dynamic data. Line control is used to separate header from body section.
After dropping controls over report designer surface, you can control the look and feel by changing associated properties. We will designate one TextBox to report title and another one to show current date. We can directly type static text into TextBox control by selecting it and start typing inside.
Please change the following properties of Title TextBox:
Value = "Product List"
Color = Purple (you like purple too for title right?)
Please change the following properties of Date TextBox:
Value = ="Run Data: " & Today
Color = Purple (you like purple too for title right?)
Please note Value property for Date TextBox starts with a “=” sign. This is not a simple static text, instead it is an expression. This expression is a result of string “Run Date” and VB.NET script keyword Today (to get current system date).
You can specify desired names to all objects in report; I choose to stay with default name for most of the controls, however, for demo purposes, I specified “txtTitle” to Title TextBox.
Please refer to Image 8; your finished design for header should look relatively same.
Image 8
Body Section
Body section, also referred as details section, is by far the most important part of the report. As you can see, when we added the report to the project; body section was added for us automatically. All we have to do is start putting controls on it.
Traditionally, Body section is used to display details (in our example, it is product information) usually more than one row of information. Body section can expand as per the growth of reported data. Often report is designed with intention to have one physical page (Letter/A4 etc.) output; in this case Body section still can be used to display information.
Out of Table, Matrix and List, the three most commonly used control on Body section; we will use Table control for our example. All three can repeat information; Matrix goes a step further and even produces Pivot output.
Let’s drag and drop Table control on body section of report designer surface. If you notice, this action will produce a table with three rows and three columns. You may have also noticed that center column also has been labeled: Header, Detail and Footer.
Now, don’t be surprised if I tell you that Table control is nothing but bunch of TextBox attached together! Yes, each and every Cell in Table is like TextBox, which means you can either type static text on it or specify a dynamic expression.
Before we start designing the Body section, let’s add two more columns (remember we have total of five columns in the report). Adding columns is easy; please do the following to get new columns added to report:
- Select Table Control inside Body section
- Click on right most column header (I assume we are adding new columns to right side)
- Right click on header and select -> Insert Column to the Right
Make sure your report resemble to Image 9. Feel free to adjust the width of column based on length of data it will hold.
Image 9
I am sure majority of us have used Excel or something similar; think of same for Table control as mini worksheet. We can apply borders, change font of individual cell, etc. So, all you have to do is to think of desired formatting theme and start applying it.
Starting with the first column to the last one, please click on individual column header cell and type the following text:
Header 1: "Product Name"
Header 2: "Packaging"
Header 3: "Unit Price"
Header 4: "Units in Stock"
Header 5: "Stock Value"
Let’s continue to do so the same for Detail section, here one thing to know is, instead of text we have to type the expression which is columns from dsProduct.dtProductInfo. You can either type the expression or simply drag and drop the column from Data Sources Toolbar (see Image 7 on the left side).
In case you decide to type it out, starting with the first column to the last one, please click on individual column detail cell and type the following text:
Detail 1: "=Fields!ProductName.Value"
Detail 2: "=Fields!QuantityPerUnit.Value"
Detail 3: "=Fields!UnitsInStock.Value"
Detail 4: "=Fields!UnitPrice.Value"
Detail 5: "=Fields!UnitsInStock.Value * Fields!UnitPrice.Value"
Please take notice of Detail 5: it is the calculated output by performing multiplication of Units in Stock and Unit Value.
Tip: If you drag and drop the column to detail section of Table control, it will try to add column header automatically, if column header is empty.
Finally, let’s add summary total in footer section of Table control. Please make sure to select footer cell on column 4 and 5 inside Body section and type the following text:
Cell 4: "Total Value:"
Cell 5: "=SUM(Fields!UnitsInStock.Value * Fields!UnitPrice.Value)"
Please check the expression in Cell 5; I am using a built-in function SUM() to find out total stock value of all the products listed in report.
Footer Section
Before we start writing some cool C# code to bring our report alive, let’s finish the report footer section. As we have added report header earlier, similarly we have to right click on open report designer surface and select Page Footer (see Image 7).
Drag and drop a Line and TextBox control on Footer section. Please type the following expression inside TextBox:
Value: ="Page: " & Globals!PageNumber & "/" & Globals!TotalPages
As you can see, I have used PageNumber and TotalPages, both are Global variables maintained by the reporting engine.
Tip: Make sure all expressions you type must start with “=” in front of it.
Please make sure your report looks like Image 10. As you can see, I have introduced some color and right alignment to numeric data, etc. Feel free to try out all the different formatting options, just think of Table control as mini spreadsheet with columns and rows and now you know all the formatting you can try on them.
Image 10
Expression Builder
Expression builder is a very powerful feature of Reporting Services. As you can see in Image 11, Stock Value is calculated with the help of SUM function. All fields in DataSet can be accessed with “Fields!” keyword.
Image 11
Step 5: Let’s Write Some C# Code to Bring Life to Our Report
Phew… I hope you guys are not exhausted already. Hang in there; we are on the last step now. It’s like we have waited for that long nine months and the time has come to witness the miracle of birth.
From solution explorer, select Form1. Right click on surface of form and select View Code.
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using Microsoft.Reporting.WinForms;
Make sure the Form1_Load event has the following code:
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string cnString = @"(local); Initial Catalog=northwind;" +
"User Id=northwind;Password=northwind";
SqlConnection conReport = new SqlConnection(cnString);
SqlCommand cmdReport = new SqlCommand();
SqlDataReader drReport;
DataSet dsReport = new dsProduct();
try
{
conReport.Open();
populate into dataset
cmdReport.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmdReport.Connection = conReport;
cmdReport.CommandText = "Select TOP 5 * FROM
Products Order By ProductName";
drReport = cmdReport.ExecuteReader();
to dataset
dsReport.Tables[0].Load(drReport);
drReport.Close();
conReport.Close();
rpvAbraKaDabra.LocalReport.ReportEmbeddedResource =
"rsWin101.rptProductList.rdlc";
ReportDataSource rds = new ReportDataSource();
rds.Name = "dsProduct_dtProductList";
rds.Value = dsReport.Tables[0];
rpvAbraKaDabra.LocalReport.DataSources.Add(rds);
rpvAbraKaDabra.RefreshReport();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
if (conReport.State == ConnectionState.Open)
{
conReport.Close();
}
}
}
You might be wondering why I have used “TOP 5” for select query; the reason is, I wanted to limit the output so that I can show you summary total in Image 1.
Tip: Name property of ReportDataSource object should be always “DataSet_DataTable”.
Can I use Access instead of SQL Server 2000?
Yes, you can use the Access database. Please make sure the following changes are applied to the above mentioned code to get the data reported from NorthWind Access Database.
Although Northwind database comes with the Access database installation; in case if you don’t have it, then you can get it from here.
Revised code should look like the following:
using System.Data.OleDb;
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string cnString = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;
Data Source=c:\nwind.mdb;User Id=admin;Password=;";
OleDbConnection conReport = new OleDbConnection(cnString);
OleDbCommand cmdReport = new OleDbCommand();
OleDbDataReader drReport;
DataSet dsReport = new dsProduct();
try
{
conReport.Open();
reader and populate into dataset
cmdReport.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmdReport.Connection = conReport;
cmdReport.CommandText = "Select TOP 5 * FROM
Products Order By ProductName";
drReport = cmdReport.ExecuteReader();
from reader to dataset
dsReport.Tables[0].Load(drReport);
drReport.Close();
conReport.Close();
rpvAbraKaDabra.LocalReport.ReportEmbeddedResource =
"rsWin101.rptProductList.rdlc";
ReportDataSource rds = new ReportDataSource();
rds.Name = "dsProduct_dtProductList";
rds.Value = dsReport.Tables[0];
rpvAbraKaDabra.LocalReport.DataSources.Add(rds);
rpvAbraKaDabra.RefreshReport();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
if (conReport.State == ConnectionState.Open)
{
conReport.Close();
}
}
}
Conclusion
Although I tried to keep the language of this article as simple as possible; please feel free to get back to me if you need any further clarification. I consider myself a budding author; I have to learn a lot; it is the reader like you, who has always helped me to improve my writing.
I look forward to receiving any comments/suggestions that you have for me.
Thank you for reading; I sincerely hope this article will help you a bit or two to know reporting services better through my applied approach.
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