How to Insert Data Using SQL Views Created Using Multiple Tables

A view can be defined as a virtual table or a stored query and the data accessible through a view is not stored in the database as a distinct object. Only the select statement is stored on the database instead.

However, views can be used and perform DML operations (Insert, Update & Delete) also.

Consider the following two tables:

CREATE TABLE STUDENT(
    STD_ID        INT,
    STD_FNAME    VARCHAR(20),
    STD_LNAME    VARCHAR(20)
)

CREATE TABLE STUDENT_PAYMENT(
    STD_ID        INT,
    PAY_AMT        MONEY,
    PAY_DATE    DATETIME
)

Now create the following views:

CREATE VIEW VW_STUDENT
AS
SELECT 
    STD_ID, 
    STD_FNAME, 
    STD_LNAME
FROM 
    STUDENT

CREATE VIEW VW_STUDENT_PAYMENT
AS
SELECT 
    STD_ID, 
    PAY_AMT, 
    PAY_DATE
FROM
    STUDENT_PAYMENT

You can insert data to the above tables using the views we have just created. And it is the same syntax that we use to insert data to tables.

INSERT INTO VW_STUDENT
SELECT 1,'Peter','Parker' UNION
SELECT 2,'James', 'Watson'

INSERT INTO VW_STUDENT_PAYMENT
SELECT 1,1000,'01/01/2011' UNION
SELECT 1,1100,'01/02/2011' UNION
SELECT 1,1200,'01/03/2011' UNION
SELECT 1,1250,'01/04/2011' UNION
SELECT 1,1375,'01/05/2011' UNION
SELECT 2,750,'01/03/2011' UNION
SELECT 2,850,'01/04/2011' UNION
SELECT 2,950,'01/05/2011' 

And if you query the tables, you can see that the records have inserted correctly.

Now we will create the following view. This time, we will join two tables and create a somewhat complex query.

CREATE VIEW VW_LAST_PAYMENT_DETAILS AS
    WITH CTE_STD (STD_ID,MAX_PAYDATE) AS (
        SELECT SP.STD_ID, MAX(SP.PAY_DATE) AS MAX_PAYDATE
        FROM STUDENT_PAYMENT AS SP
        GROUP BY SP.STD_ID
    )
    SELECT S.STD_ID,S.STD_FNAME,S.STD_LNAME, P.PAY_AMT,P.PAY_DATE
    FROM STUDENT AS S
    JOIN STUDENT_PAYMENT AS P ON S.STD_ID = P.STD_ID 
    JOIN CTE_STD AS Q ON P.STD_ID = Q.STD_ID AND P.PAY_DATE = Q.MAX_PAYDATE
    GROUP BY S.STD_ID,S.STD_FNAME,S.STD_LNAME, P.PAY_AMT,P.PAY_DATE

Using the above created view, we can list the last payment details of each student.

So if we are required to insert the last payment details using this view, how shall we do it? If you use the simple insert statements similar to the ones we used earlier, you have could ended up with the following error:

INSERT INTO VW_LAST_PAYMENT_DETAILS (STD_ID,PAY_AMT,PAY_DATE)
SELECT 1,4440,GETDATE()

In order to insert (update & delete) data to views created using multiple tables, you need to use an ‘Instead of trigger’.

**Please note that ‘After Triggers’ cannot be created for views.

Let’s create an instead of trigger using the following syntax:

CREATE TRIGGER TRGI_VW_PAYMENT ON VW_LAST_PAYMENT_DETAILS
INSTEAD OF INSERT
AS
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO STUDENT_PAYMENT
    SELECT STD_ID,PAY_AMT,PAY_DATE
    FROM INSERTED
END

Now using the above insert syntax, you can insert data without getting any error. If you inspect the ‘STUDENT_PAYMENT’ table, you can see that the data has been inserted successfully.