SQL Fast GUID List Generator

Introduction

If you want your database to be fast with a huge amount of data, you should test it with large test database. To create large test database, you may need many guids for row ids. If you use Microsoft SQL Server for this purpose (as I do), you may want to boost performance of your generator. With this article, one can create millions of guids in seconds.

Obvious Solution

If you want to create a list of guids and put them into a SQL table, you may write the following:

--METHOD 1

create table ids(id uniqueidentifier);

declare @guidCount int = 10000;
declare @n int = 0;
while @n < @guidCount
begin
   insert ids values(NEWID());
   set @n = @n + 1;
end;

This code creates only 10 000 guids. But it takes about 1000 ms. Why it is so slow? There are three reasons.

Reason #1. Number of Transactions

Each time INSERT is executed, Microsoft SQL Server starts and commits a transaction. This is not necessary in the case of our task. So we can collect our guids in memory and then insert all guids in a single INSERT statement or we can manually start and commit a transaction.
First look at how we can collect guids into the memory:

--METHOD 2.1

create table ids(id uniqueidentifier);

declare @ids table(id uniqueidentifier default NEWID());
declare @guidCount int = 100000;
declare @n int = 0;
while @n < @guidCount
begin
   insert @ids default values;
   set @n = @n + 1;
end;

insert ids
select * from @ids;

This code creates 100 000 guids and it takes about 2000 ms, 5 times faster than in first code block where transaction is committed for each guid. Now look how manual transaction affects the performance:

--METHOD 2.2

create table ids(id uniqueidentifier);

begin transaction;

declare @guidCount int = 100000;
declare @n int = 0;
while @n < @guidCount
begin
   insert ids values(NEWID());
   set @n = @n + 1;
end;

commit transaction;

This code also creates 100 000 guids and it takes about 1300 ms. So it is 1,5 times faster than generation in memory and 7 times faster than the first simple generator.
Great result, but what if you need even more guids? Then we have to review the next reason for slowness of all code blocks mentioned above.

Reason #2. Number of INSERTs

Each time INSERT is executed, there are many wasteful things to be done: compile statement, build (or get from cache) query plan, check parameters, finalize allocated objects, etc. So we need to minimize total count of INSERT executions. We really need only a fast way to generate a rowset which size is equal to number of guids we need to create. If we get one, we just select a new guid for each row and save them into a table. But how we can get a rowset without INSERTs? We can use table cross to get the rowset with required size. If we CROSS JOIN some table (say "counter") onto itself, we get squared number of rows. So If we generate a 1000-row-couter, we get 1 000 000 rows in result rowset. Now apply this approach to the guid generator:

--METHOD 3

create table ids(id uniqueidentifier);

declare @ids table(id int identity)
declare @guidCount int = 1000000;
declare @n int = 0;
while @n < SQRT(@guidCount)
begin
   insert @ids default values;
   set @n = @n + 1;
end;

insert ids
select NEWID() from @ids i1, @ids i2;

This code creates 1 000 000 guids and it takes only about 3000 ms. This is 30 times faster than the first method and 5-7 times faster than both second ones.

Great result again! But there is a way to get 1 000 000 guids more efficiently.

Reason #3. Number of Locks

When INSERT statement is being executed, Microsoft SQL Server is locking new data row by row or page by page thinking that the table might be accessed by concurrent query. If you are generating test database, there are no concurrent queries. So we may direct Microsoft SQL Server to lock whole table rather than page by page locking. Table hint WITH(TABLOCK) locks the whole table at the beginning of execution.

--METHOD 3 + WITH(TABLOCK)

create table ids(id uniqueidentifier);

declare @ids table(id int identity)
declare @guidCount int = 1000000;
declare @n int = 0;
while @n < SQRT(@guidCount)
begin
   insert @ids default values;
   set @n = @n + 1;
end

insert ids with(tablock)
select NEWID() from @ids i1, @ids i2;

This code generates 1 000 000 guids in 500 ms! That's really a great result. So one can see that this is very important to obtain a table lock before heavy INSERT execution. If you want to create even more guids - WITH TABLOCK is the only solution. In my test environment (default Microsoft SQL 2008 settings), I can’t generate more than 10 millions guids without table lock. I get an error:

Msg 1204, Level 19, State 4, Line 10
The instance of the SQL Server Database Engine 
cannot obtain a LOCK resource at this time. 
Rerun your statement when there are fewer active users. 
Ask the database administrator to check the lock and 
memory configuration for this instance, or to check for long-running transactions.

Summary

My Test Environment

Test environment: Microsoft SQL 2008 (default settings) on Core 2 Duo 3GHz processor and WD Raptor hard disk.