Re: ILLEGAL INDIRECTION - HOW CAN IT BE RESOLVED? - C / C++ / MFC Discussion Boards

It is relatively easy to accomplish this if you calculate a HSL (Hue, Saturation and Luminosity) value based on the RGB value. Then modify the L-value, and convert back to RGB. There are tonnes of algorithms on the web for doing this. The only drawback is that it is quite slow, since all the algorithms I've seen so far, use floating point numbers for HSL values.

In any case, it's not equivalent to applying a linear factor on each RGB color component. Been there, done that. It works well on some color nuances, but will look like crap most of the time.

--
For External Use Only

Thanks for the info, but in the case of my app it's a little of an overkill. I just need a very simple way to extend on a default image in the case a user did not specify one.

Just make sure you look at all the processed bitmaps before you commit. You may be surprised at the result in some cases (I was!)

--
Verletzen zerfetzen zersetzen zerstören
Doch es darf nicht mir gehören
Ich muss zerstören

// Simulation of the Dynamics of a 2-Link Pan-Tilt Robotic Manipulator
/* This programme calculates the Velocity, Acceleration and the angles of inclination
of the two links of the Spherical Pointing Motor, which is essentially a Two-Link Robotic
Manipulator*/

//#include <basis.h>
//#include <assert.h>
//#include <string.h>
//#include <iostream.h>
//#include <iomanip.h>
//#include <fstream.h>

// Precompiler Directives

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/*
n = Number of Links = 2
m1 = Mass of the First Link (The Annulus)
m2 = Mass of the Second Link
r1 = Inner Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
r2 = Outer Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
ra = Outer Radius of the Annulus
rb = Inner Radius of the Annulus
l = Half the Lenght of Link 1
d = Displacement from the Centre of Mass
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81
t = time in seconds
*/

// Constants Declaration

#define n (int) 2
#define m1 (float) 0.05
#define m2 (float) 0.03
#define r1 (float) 0.04
#define r2 (float) 0.06
#define ra (float) 0.04
#define rb (float) 0.06
#define l (float) 0.05
#define d (float) 0.02
#define acc_due_gravity (float) 9.81
#define h (double) 0.01;

// The Classes - Four in all.
class AngVel1 // For the first equation dQ1/dt
{
public:
AngVel1(); // Default Constructor
AngVel1(double om1); // The second and main constructor
double fn1 (double om1);
double RK1 (double y); // prototype for Runge-Kutta equation
private:
double InitialValue1;

};

// Function Definitions

double AngVel1 :: fn1 (double om1)
{
return om1;
}

double AngVel1 :: RK1(double y)
{
double k1,k2,k3,k4;

k1 = h*fn1(y);
k2 = h*fn1(y+(k1/2.0));
k3 = h*fn1(y+(k2/2.0));
k4 = h*fn1(y+k3);
return y+(k1/6.0)+(k2/3.0)+(k3/3.0)+(k4/6.0);
};

I am having this error (error C2100: illegal indirection) from lines 73,74,75 and 76 which are the four lines before the last line of code. Please, why am i getting this and how can I get it resolved?

Thanks for your answer.

SKG!

skg

first, change your #define to const float/int/ ( or better const double )

second, your #define h ends with a ; is that on purpose ?

Maximilien Lincourt
Your Head A Splode - Strong Bad

// Simulation of the Dynamics of a 2-Link Pan-Tilt Robotic Manipulator
/* This programme calculates the Velocity, Acceleration and the angles of inclination
of the two links of the Spherical Pointing Motor, which is essentially a Two-Link Robotic
Manipulator*/

//#include <basis.h>
//#include <assert.h>
//#include <string.h>
//#include <iostream.h>
//#include <iomanip.h>
//#include <fstream.h>

// Precompiler Directives

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/*
n = Number of Links = 2
m1 = Mass of the First Link (The Annulus)
m2 = Mass of the Second Link
r1 = Inner Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
r2 = Outer Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
ra = Outer Radius of the Annulus
rb = Inner Radius of the Annulus
l = Half the Lenght of Link 1
d = Displacement from the Centre of Mass
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81
t = time in seconds
*/

// Constants Declaration

#define n (int) 2
#define m1 (float) 0.05
#define m2 (float) 0.03
#define r1 (float) 0.04
#define r2 (float) 0.06
#define ra (float) 0.04
#define rb (float) 0.06
#define l (float) 0.05
#define d (float) 0.02
#define acc_due_gravity (float) 9.81
#define h (double) 0.01

// The Classes - Four in all.
class AngVel1 // For the first equation dQ1/dt
{
public:
AngVel1(); // Default Constructor
AngVel1(double om1); // The second and main constructor
double fn1 (double om1);
double RK1 (double y); // prototype for Runge-Kutta equation
private:
double InitialValue1;

};

// Function Definitions

double AngVel1 :: fn1 (double om1)
{
return om1;
}

double AngVel1 :: RK1(double y)
{
double k1,k2,k3,k4;

k1 = h*fn1(y);
k2 = h*fn1(y+(k1/2.0));
k3 = h*fn1(y+(k2/2.0));
k4 = h*fn1(y+k3);
return y+(k1/6.0)+(k2/3.0)+(k3/3.0)+(k4/6.0);
};

void main()
{

int i;
double init=1.0;
double temp;
FILE *fp;

fp = fopen("data.txt", "w");

temp = RK1(init);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp);
//fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);

for(i=1;i<50;i++){
temp = RK1(temp);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp);
// fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);
}
fclose(fp);
}

Thanks for your mail. I have corrected it and it work. Now, i've written the code further but I got this error ('RK1' : undeclared identifier ). How can this be resolved.

Also, do i need a constructor?

Thanks.

Regards,
SKG.

skg

geez ... C++ 101

I will not directly answer this.

Where is RK1 declarer ? and how do you access it ?

Maximilien Lincourt
Your Head A Splode - Strong Bad

Thanks for your mail.

Unfortunately, i'm new to C++ programming and again, I jumped from beginner to advanced with this code that i'm writing. I used to program in Java.

If it were to be Java, I know that i'm supposed to write something like

RK1 = new RK1

but I don't know how to do this stuffs in C++.

Please, tell me what to do.

I actually have four equations to code but I decide (following my supervisor's advice) to start with one. Then, i'll add the second class, later the third class and lastly, the fourth.

Once again, thank you.

Regards,
Olagoke.

skg

sahoong wrote:
Please, tell me what to do.

Zac has already done that.

"Approved Workmen Are Not Ashamed" - 2 Timothy 2:15

"Judge not by the eye but by the heart." - Native American Proverb

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/*
n = Number of Links = 2
m1 = Mass of the First Link (The Annulus)
m2 = Mass of the Second Link
r1 = Inner Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
r2 = Outer Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
ra = Outer Radius of the Annulus
rb = Inner Radius of the Annulus
l = Half the Lenght of Link 1
d = Displacement from the Centre of Mass
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81
t = time in seconds
*/

// Constants Declaration and initialization 42

const int n = 2;
const double m1 = 0.05;
const double m2 = 0.03;
const double h1 = 0.05;
const double h2 = 0.04;
const double r1 = 0.04;
const double r2 = 0.06;
const double ra = 0.04;
const double rb = 0.06;
const double l = 0.05;
const double d = 0.02;
const double g = 9.81;
const double h = 0.01;

//#define n (int) 2
//#define m1 (float) 0.05
//#define m2 (float) 0.03
//#define h1 (float) 0.03
//#define h2 (float) 0.04
//#define r1 (float) 0.04
//#define r2 (float) 0.06
//#define ra (float) 0.04
//#define rb (float) 0.06
//#define l (float) 0.05
//#define d (float) 0.02
//#define g (float) 9.81
//#define h (double) 0.01 70

// The Classes - Four in all.
class AngVel1 // For the first equation dQ1/dt = w1 (om1)
{
public:
double fn1 (double om1);
double RK1 (double v); // prototype for Runge-Kutta equation
private:
double InitialValue1;

};

// Function Definitions

double AngVel1 :: fn1 (double om1)
{
return om1;
}

double AngVel1 :: RK1(double v)
{
double k1,k2,k3,k4,l1,l2,l3;

k1 = h*fn1(v);
k2 = h*fn1(v + l1/2.0);
k3 = h*fn1(v + l2/2.0);
k4 = h*fn1(v + l3);
return v + (k1/6.0)+(k2/3.0)+(k3/3.0)+(k4/6.0);
};// End of Class AngVel1 101

class AngAccln1 // For the second equation, dw1/dt
{
public:
double fn2 (double t, double om1, double om2);
double RK2 (double x, double v, double p);
private:
double InitialValue3;
};

// Function Definition for Angular Acceleration

double AngAccln1 :: fn2 (double t, double om1, double om2)
{
double tau1, tetha1, tetha2;
tau1 = 0.1;
tetha1 = 0.5;
tetha2 = 06;

return (tau1 - 2*m2(r2*r2/4 -h2*h2/3 -d*d)*om1*om2*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*cos(tetha1)*cos(tetha2))/
(m1(ra*ra + rb*rb)/4 + m1*h1*h1/3 + m2*r2*r2(1+sin(tetha2)*sin(tetha2))/4 + m2*h2*h2*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2)/3 + m2*d*d*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2));
}

double AngAccln1 :: RK2 (double x, double v, double p)
{
double l1,l2,l3,l4,k1,k2,k3;
l1 = h*fn2(x, v, p);
l2 = h*fn2(x + h/2.0, v + l1/2.0, p + k1/2.0);
l3 = h*fn2(x + h/2.0, v + l1/2.0, p + k2/2.0);
l4 = h*fn2(x + h, v + l3, p + k3);
return p + (l1/6.0)+(l2/3.0)+(l3/3.0)+(l4/6.0);

}; // End of Class AngAccln1 138

class AngVel2 // For the third equation dQ2/dt = w2 (om2)
{
public:
double fn3 (double om2);
double RK3 (double v); // prototype for Runge-Kutta equation
private:
double InitialValue2;
};

// Function Definitions 154
double AngVel2 :: fn3 (double om2)
{
return om2;
}

double AngVel2 :: RK3(double v)
{

double k1,k2,k3,k4,l1,l2,l3;

k1 = h*fn3(v);
k2 = h*fn3(v + l1/2.0);
k3 = h*fn3(v + l2/2.0);
k4 = h*fn3(v + l3);
return v + (k1/6.0)+(k2/3.0)+(k3/3.0)+(k4/6.0);

}; // End of class AngVel2

class AngAccln2 // For the second equation dw2/dQ 175
{
public:
double fn4 (double t, double om1);
double RK4 (double x, double p);
private:
double InitialValue4;
};

// Function Definition for Angular Acceleration of Link2

double AngAccln2 :: fn4 (double t, double om1)
{
double tau2, tetha1, tetha2;
tau2 = 0.1;
tetha1 = 0.5;
tetha2 = 0.6;
return (tau2 + m2(r2*r2/4 - h2*h2/3 - d*d)*om1*om1*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*sin(tetha1)*sin(tetha2))/
m2(r2*r2/4 + h2*h2/3 + d*d);
}

double AngAccln2 :: RK4 (double x, double p)
{
double l1,l2,l3,l4,k1,k2,k3;

l1=h*fn4(x, p);
l2=h*fn4(x + h/2.0, p + k1/2.0);
l3=h*fn4(x + h/2.0, p + k1/2.0);
l4=h*fn4(x + h, p + k3);
return p + (l1/6.0)+(l2/3.0)+(l3/3.0)+(l4/6.0);

}; // End of Class AngAccln2

void main()
{

//RungeKutta rk = RungeKutta(0, 10, 0, 0.1);

// Open a file to save the results in

//ofstream of("rk_test.csv");

int i;
double init=1.0;
double temp1;
double temp2;
FILE *fp;

fp = fopen("data.txt", "w");

AngVel1 angvel;
angvel.RK1(init);

AngVel2 angvel2;
angvel2.RK3(init);

temp1 = angvel.RK1(init);
temp2 = angvel2.RK3(init);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp1);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp2);
//fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);

for(i=1;i<50;i++){
temp1 = angvel.RK1(temp1);
temp2 = angvel2.RK3(temp2);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp1);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp2);
// fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);
}
fclose(fp);
}

Dear Sac,

I am having these errors

C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(124) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(125) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(125) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(191) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(192) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function

on the following lines of code

return (tau1 - 2*m2(r2*r2/4 -h2*h2/3 -d*d)*om1*om2*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*cos(tetha1)*cos(tetha2))/
(m1(ra*ra + rb*rb)/4 + m1*h1*h1/3 + m2*r2*r2(1+sin(tetha2)*sin(tetha2))/4 + m2*h2*h2*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2)/3 + m2*d*d*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2));

and

return (tau2 + m2(r2*r2/4 - h2*h2/3 - d*d)*om1*om1*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*sin(tetha1)*sin(tetha2))/
m2(r2*r2/4 + h2*h2/3 + d*d);

Thanks for your time.

Regards,
SKG!

skg

You posted this same code three separate times. Why? Post it once and reference all others to it.

sahoong wrote:
return (tau1 - 2*m2(r2*r2/4 -h2*h2/3 -d*d)*om1*om2*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*cos(tetha1)*cos(tetha2))/
(m1(ra*ra + rb*rb)/4 + m1*h1*h1/3 + m2*r2*r2(1+sin(tetha2)*sin(tetha2))/4 + m2*h2*h2*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2)/3 + m2*d*d*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2));

Have you considered breaking this up into more manageable statements? If so, you'd see that the parenthesis are not paired up. When using floating-point constants, it helps to use denote them as such (e.g., 2.0*m2, r2/4.0).

All that aside, I'm not seeing the benefit of using classes just yet. So far, calling a bunch of functions is all that's necessary.

Your code is mixing float and double. Why?

"Approved Workmen Are Not Ashamed" - 2 Timothy 2:15

"Judge not by the eye but by the heart." - Native American Proverb

sahoong wrote:
I used to program in Java.

If it were to be Java, I know that i'm supposed to write something like

RK1 = new RK1

Okay, knowing that ... forget everything you thought you knew about programming (especially everything Java-related) and start from scratch. If you had learned C++ first, Java would be a piece of cake ... but going the other way is much more difficult since you've picked up some bad habits along the way already ...

If you decide to become a software engineer, you are signing up to have a 1/2" piece of silicon tell you exactly how stupid you really are for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week

Zac

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/*
n = Number of Links = 2
m1 = Mass of the First Link (The Annulus)
m2 = Mass of the Second Link
r1 = Inner Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
r2 = Outer Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
ra = Outer Radius of the Annulus
rb = Inner Radius of the Annulus
l = Half the Lenght of Link 1
d = Displacement from the Centre of Mass
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81
t = time in seconds
*/

// Constants Declaration and initialization 42

const int n = 2;
const double m1 = 0.05;
const double m2 = 0.03;
const double h1 = 0.05;
const double h2 = 0.04;
const double r1 = 0.04;
const double r2 = 0.06;
const double ra = 0.04;
const double rb = 0.06;
const double l = 0.05;
const double d = 0.02;
const double g = 9.81;
const double h = 0.01;

//#define n (int) 2
//#define m1 (float) 0.05
//#define m2 (float) 0.03
//#define h1 (float) 0.03
//#define h2 (float) 0.04
//#define r1 (float) 0.04
//#define r2 (float) 0.06
//#define ra (float) 0.04
//#define rb (float) 0.06
//#define l (float) 0.05
//#define d (float) 0.02
//#define g (float) 9.81
//#define h (double) 0.01 70

// The Classes - Four in all.
class AngVel1 // For the first equation dQ1/dt = w1 (om1)
{
public:
double fn1 (double om1);
double RK1 (double v); // prototype for Runge-Kutta equation
private:
double InitialValue1;

};

// Function Definitions

double AngVel1 :: fn1 (double om1)
{
return om1;
}

double AngVel1 :: RK1(double v)
{
double k1,k2,k3,k4,l1,l2,l3;

k1 = h*fn1(v);
k2 = h*fn1(v + l1/2.0);
k3 = h*fn1(v + l2/2.0);
k4 = h*fn1(v + l3);
return v + (k1/6.0)+(k2/3.0)+(k3/3.0)+(k4/6.0);
};// End of Class AngVel1 101

class AngAccln1 // For the second equation, dw1/dt
{
public:
double fn2 (double t, double om1, double om2);
double RK2 (double x, double v, double p);
private:
double InitialValue3;
};

// Function Definition for Angular Acceleration

double AngAccln1 :: fn2 (double t, double om1, double om2)
{
double tau1, tetha1, tetha2;
tau1 = 0.1;
tetha1 = 0.5;
tetha2 = 06;

return (tau1 - 2*m2(r2*r2/4 -h2*h2/3 -d*d)*om1*om2*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*cos(tetha1)*cos(tetha2))/
(m1(ra*ra + rb*rb)/4 + m1*h1*h1/3 + m2*r2*r2(1+sin(tetha2)*sin(tetha2))/4 + m2*h2*h2*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2)/3 + m2*d*d*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2));
}

double AngAccln1 :: RK2 (double x, double v, double p)
{
double l1,l2,l3,l4,k1,k2,k3;
l1 = h*fn2(x, v, p);
l2 = h*fn2(x + h/2.0, v + l1/2.0, p + k1/2.0);
l3 = h*fn2(x + h/2.0, v + l1/2.0, p + k2/2.0);
l4 = h*fn2(x + h, v + l3, p + k3);
return p + (l1/6.0)+(l2/3.0)+(l3/3.0)+(l4/6.0);

}; // End of Class AngAccln1 138

class AngVel2 // For the third equation dQ2/dt = w2 (om2)
{
public:
double fn3 (double om2);
double RK3 (double v); // prototype for Runge-Kutta equation
private:
double InitialValue2;
};

// Function Definitions 154
double AngVel2 :: fn3 (double om2)
{
return om2;
}

double AngVel2 :: RK3(double v)
{

double k1,k2,k3,k4,l1,l2,l3;

k1 = h*fn3(v);
k2 = h*fn3(v + l1/2.0);
k3 = h*fn3(v + l2/2.0);
k4 = h*fn3(v + l3);
return v + (k1/6.0)+(k2/3.0)+(k3/3.0)+(k4/6.0);

}; // End of class AngVel2

class AngAccln2 // For the second equation dw2/dQ 175
{
public:
double fn4 (double t, double om1);
double RK4 (double x, double p);
private:
double InitialValue4;
};

// Function Definition for Angular Acceleration of Link2

double AngAccln2 :: fn4 (double t, double om1)
{
double tau2, tetha1, tetha2;
tau2 = 0.1;
tetha1 = 0.5;
tetha2 = 0.6;
return (tau2 + m2(r2*r2/4 - h2*h2/3 - d*d)*om1*om1*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*sin(tetha1)*sin(tetha2))/
m2(r2*r2/4 + h2*h2/3 + d*d);
}

double AngAccln2 :: RK4 (double x, double p)
{
double l1,l2,l3,l4,k1,k2,k3;

l1=h*fn4(x, p);
l2=h*fn4(x + h/2.0, p + k1/2.0);
l3=h*fn4(x + h/2.0, p + k1/2.0);
l4=h*fn4(x + h, p + k3);
return p + (l1/6.0)+(l2/3.0)+(l3/3.0)+(l4/6.0);

}; // End of Class AngAccln2

void main()
{

//RungeKutta rk = RungeKutta(0, 10, 0, 0.1);

// Open a file to save the results in

//ofstream of("rk_test.csv");

int i;
double init=1.0;
double temp1;
double temp2;
FILE *fp;

fp = fopen("data.txt", "w");

AngVel1 angvel;
angvel.RK1(init);

AngVel2 angvel2;
angvel2.RK3(init);

temp1 = angvel.RK1(init);
temp2 = angvel2.RK3(init);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp1);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp2);
//fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);

for(i=1;i<50;i++){
temp1 = angvel.RK1(temp1);
temp2 = angvel2.RK3(temp2);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp1);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp2);
// fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);
}
fclose(fp);
}

Dear Sac,

I am having these errors

C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(124) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(125) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(125) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(191) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(192) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function

on the following lines of code

return (tau1 - 2*m2(r2*r2/4 -h2*h2/3 -d*d)*om1*om2*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*cos(tetha1)*cos(tetha2))/
(m1(ra*ra + rb*rb)/4 + m1*h1*h1/3 + m2*r2*r2(1+sin(tetha2)*sin(tetha2))/4 + m2*h2*h2*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2)/3 + m2*d*d*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2));

and

return (tau2 + m2(r2*r2/4 - h2*h2/3 - d*d)*om1*om1*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*sin(tetha1)*sin(tetha2))/
m2(r2*r2/4 + h2*h2/3 + d*d);

Thanks for your time.

Regards,
SKG!

skg

To debug it, break those return lines down into smaller parts. Having a 3 line long return statement is bad form anyway.

If you decide to become a software engineer, you are signing up to have a 1/2" piece of silicon tell you exactly how stupid you really are for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week

Zac

sahoong wrote:
i've written the code further but I got this error ('RK1' : undeclared identifier ).

RK1 is a member function of the class AngVel1. You need to either declare it as static and call it via AngVel1::RK1() or create an object of type AngVel1 and call it using the dot notation:

AngVel1 angvel;
angvel.RK1();

If you decide to become a software engineer, you are signing up to have a 1/2" piece of silicon tell you exactly how stupid you really are for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week

Zac

Thanks but I still get the same error plus this one ('RK1' : function does not take 0 parameters).

How can I declared it as static and making the call.

Regards,
Olagoke.

skg

I didn't add the parameters (just used ()'s to indicate a function call).

You need to read an intro to C++ book since these questions show that you are a beginner (not bashing you, just letting you know that you will save yourself some time in the long run).

To declare something as static, you add <cdoe>static to its declaration.

static void func();

If you decide to become a software engineer, you are signing up to have a 1/2" piece of silicon tell you exactly how stupid you really are for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week

Zac

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/*
n = Number of Links = 2
m1 = Mass of the First Link (The Annulus)
m2 = Mass of the Second Link
r1 = Inner Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
r2 = Outer Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
ra = Outer Radius of the Annulus
rb = Inner Radius of the Annulus
l = Half the Lenght of Link 1
d = Displacement from the Centre of Mass
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81
t = time in seconds
*/

// Constants Declaration and initialization 42

const int n = 2;
const double m1 = 0.05;
const double m2 = 0.03;
const double h1 = 0.05;
const double h2 = 0.04;
const double r1 = 0.04;
const double r2 = 0.06;
const double ra = 0.04;
const double rb = 0.06;
const double l = 0.05;
const double d = 0.02;
const double g = 9.81;
const double h = 0.01;

//#define n (int) 2
//#define m1 (float) 0.05
//#define m2 (float) 0.03
//#define h1 (float) 0.03
//#define h2 (float) 0.04
//#define r1 (float) 0.04
//#define r2 (float) 0.06
//#define ra (float) 0.04
//#define rb (float) 0.06
//#define l (float) 0.05
//#define d (float) 0.02
//#define g (float) 9.81
//#define h (double) 0.01 70

// The Classes - Four in all.
class AngVel1 // For the first equation dQ1/dt = w1 (om1)
{
public:
double fn1 (double om1);
double RK1 (double v); // prototype for Runge-Kutta equation
private:
double InitialValue1;

};

// Function Definitions

double AngVel1 :: fn1 (double om1)
{
return om1;
}

double AngVel1 :: RK1(double v)
{
double k1,k2,k3,k4,l1,l2,l3;

k1 = h*fn1(v);
k2 = h*fn1(v + l1/2.0);
k3 = h*fn1(v + l2/2.0);
k4 = h*fn1(v + l3);
return v + (k1/6.0)+(k2/3.0)+(k3/3.0)+(k4/6.0);
};// End of Class AngVel1 101

class AngAccln1 // For the second equation, dw1/dt
{
public:
double fn2 (double t, double om1, double om2);
double RK2 (double x, double v, double p);
private:
double InitialValue3;
};

// Function Definition for Angular Acceleration

double AngAccln1 :: fn2 (double t, double om1, double om2)
{
double tau1, tetha1, tetha2;
tau1 = 0.1;
tetha1 = 0.5;
tetha2 = 06;

return (tau1 - 2*m2(r2*r2/4 -h2*h2/3 -d*d)*om1*om2*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*cos(tetha1)*cos(tetha2))/
(m1(ra*ra + rb*rb)/4 + m1*h1*h1/3 + m2*r2*r2(1+sin(tetha2)*sin(tetha2))/4 + m2*h2*h2*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2)/3 + m2*d*d*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2));
}

double AngAccln1 :: RK2 (double x, double v, double p)
{
double l1,l2,l3,l4,k1,k2,k3;
l1 = h*fn2(x, v, p);
l2 = h*fn2(x + h/2.0, v + l1/2.0, p + k1/2.0);
l3 = h*fn2(x + h/2.0, v + l1/2.0, p + k2/2.0);
l4 = h*fn2(x + h, v + l3, p + k3);
return p + (l1/6.0)+(l2/3.0)+(l3/3.0)+(l4/6.0);

}; // End of Class AngAccln1 138

class AngVel2 // For the third equation dQ2/dt = w2 (om2)
{
public:
double fn3 (double om2);
double RK3 (double v); // prototype for Runge-Kutta equation
private:
double InitialValue2;
};

// Function Definitions 154
double AngVel2 :: fn3 (double om2)
{
return om2;
}

double AngVel2 :: RK3(double v)
{

double k1,k2,k3,k4,l1,l2,l3;

k1 = h*fn3(v);
k2 = h*fn3(v + l1/2.0);
k3 = h*fn3(v + l2/2.0);
k4 = h*fn3(v + l3);
return v + (k1/6.0)+(k2/3.0)+(k3/3.0)+(k4/6.0);

}; // End of class AngVel2

class AngAccln2 // For the second equation dw2/dQ 175
{
public:
double fn4 (double t, double om1);
double RK4 (double x, double p);
private:
double InitialValue4;
};

// Function Definition for Angular Acceleration of Link2

double AngAccln2 :: fn4 (double t, double om1)
{
double tau2, tetha1, tetha2;
tau2 = 0.1;
tetha1 = 0.5;
tetha2 = 0.6;
return (tau2 + m2(r2*r2/4 - h2*h2/3 - d*d)*om1*om1*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*sin(tetha1)*sin(tetha2))/
m2(r2*r2/4 + h2*h2/3 + d*d);
}

double AngAccln2 :: RK4 (double x, double p)
{
double l1,l2,l3,l4,k1,k2,k3;

l1=h*fn4(x, p);
l2=h*fn4(x + h/2.0, p + k1/2.0);
l3=h*fn4(x + h/2.0, p + k1/2.0);
l4=h*fn4(x + h, p + k3);
return p + (l1/6.0)+(l2/3.0)+(l3/3.0)+(l4/6.0);

}; // End of Class AngAccln2

void main()
{

//RungeKutta rk = RungeKutta(0, 10, 0, 0.1);

// Open a file to save the results in

//ofstream of("rk_test.csv");

int i;
double init=1.0;
double temp1;
double temp2;
FILE *fp;

fp = fopen("data.txt", "w");

AngVel1 angvel;
angvel.RK1(init);

AngVel2 angvel2;
angvel2.RK3(init);

temp1 = angvel.RK1(init);
temp2 = angvel2.RK3(init);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp1);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp2);
//fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);

for(i=1;i<50;i++){
temp1 = angvel.RK1(temp1);
temp2 = angvel2.RK3(temp2);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp1);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp2);
// fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);
}
fclose(fp);
}

Dear Sac,

I am having these errors

C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(124) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(125) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(125) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(191) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function
C:\work\CPPCOACH\fintryy.cpp(192) : error C2064: term does not evaluate to a function

on the following lines of code

return (tau1 - 2*m2(r2*r2/4 -h2*h2/3 -d*d)*om1*om2*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*cos(tetha1)*cos(tetha2))/
(m1(ra*ra + rb*rb)/4 + m1*h1*h1/3 + m2*r2*r2(1+sin(tetha2)*sin(tetha2))/4 + m2*h2*h2*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2)/3 + m2*d*d*cos(tetha2)*cos(tetha2));

and

return (tau2 + m2(r2*r2/4 - h2*h2/3 - d*d)*om1*om1*sin(tetha2)*cos(tetha2) - m2*g*d*sin(tetha1)*sin(tetha2))/
m2(r2*r2/4 + h2*h2/3 + d*d);

Thanks for your time.

Regards,
SKG!

skg

Max is right - you have a stray semicolon after #define h. This causes this

k1 = h*fn1(y);

to expand to

k1 = (double) 0.01;
*fn1(y);

Newline inserted for clarity

Because of the relative precedence of the unary * and function call operators, this calls fn1 then tries to dereference the result. Because the return type of fn1 is double, which is not a pointer type, you get the error because you cannot dereference a double.

I'd also be wary of the precedence surrounding the cast operator. I'd put the macro definitions within extra parentheses, e.g.

#define n ((int) 2)

Stability. What an interesting concept. -- Chris Maunder

// Simulation of the Dynamics of a 2-Link Pan-Tilt Robotic Manipulator
/* This programme calculates the Velocity, Acceleration and the angles of inclination
of the two links of the Spherical Pointing Motor, which is essentially a Two-Link Robotic
Manipulator*/

//#include <basis.h>
//#include <assert.h>
//#include <string.h>
//#include <iostream.h>
//#include <iomanip.h>
//#include <fstream.h>

// Precompiler Directives

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/*
n = Number of Links = 2
m1 = Mass of the First Link (The Annulus)
m2 = Mass of the Second Link
r1 = Inner Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
r2 = Outer Radius of Link 1 (The Annulus)
ra = Outer Radius of the Annulus
rb = Inner Radius of the Annulus
l = Half the Lenght of Link 1
d = Displacement from the Centre of Mass
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.81
t = time in seconds
*/

// Constants Declaration

#define n (int) 2
#define m1 (float) 0.05
#define m2 (float) 0.03
#define r1 (float) 0.04
#define r2 (float) 0.06
#define ra (float) 0.04
#define rb (float) 0.06
#define l (float) 0.05
#define d (float) 0.02
#define acc_due_gravity (float) 9.81
#define h (double) 0.01

// The Classes - Four in all.
class AngVel1 // For the first equation dQ1/dt
{
public:
AngVel1(); // Default Constructor
AngVel1(double om1); // The second and main constructor
double fn1 (double om1);
double RK1 (double y); // prototype for Runge-Kutta equation
private:
double InitialValue1;

};

// Function Definitions

double AngVel1 :: fn1 (double om1)
{
return om1;
}

double AngVel1 :: RK1(double y)
{
double k1,k2,k3,k4;

k1 = h*fn1(y);
k2 = h*fn1(y+(k1/2.0));
k3 = h*fn1(y+(k2/2.0));
k4 = h*fn1(y+k3);
return y+(k1/6.0)+(k2/3.0)+(k3/3.0)+(k4/6.0);
};

void main()
{

int i;
double init=1.0;
double temp;
FILE *fp;

fp = fopen("data.txt", "w");

temp = RK1(init);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp);
//fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);

for(i=1;i<50;i++){
temp = RK1(temp);
printf("%4.4f \n", temp);
// fprintf(fp, "%4.5f \n", temp);
}
fclose(fp);
}

Thanks for your mail. I have corrected it and it work. Now, i've written the code further but I got this error ('RK1' : undeclared identifier ). How can this be resolved.

Also, do i need a constructor?

Thanks.

Regards,
SKG.

skg

sahoong wrote:
#define n (int) 2
#define m1 (float) 0.05
#define m2 (float) 0.03
#define r1 (float) 0.04
#define r2 (float) 0.06
#define ra (float) 0.04
#define rb (float) 0.06
#define l (float) 0.05
#define d (float) 0.02
#define acc_due_gravity (float) 9.81
#define h (double) 0.01;

Those should all be changed to const double or const float or const int.

If you decide to become a software engineer, you are signing up to have a 1/2" piece of silicon tell you exactly how stupid you really are for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week

Zac

sahoong wrote:

#define m1 (float) 0.05
#define m2 (float) 0.03
#define r1 (float) 0.04
#define r2 (float) 0.06
#define ra (float) 0.04
#define rb (float) 0.06
#define l (float) 0.05
#define d (float) 0.02
#define acc_due_gravity (float) 9.81
#define h (double) 0.01;

While this has nothing to do with your actual problem, the typecasts are not necessary.

"Approved Workmen Are Not Ashamed" - 2 Timothy 2:15

"Judge not by the eye but by the heart." - Native American Proverb

as title. The code and the error messages are posted as follows. VS2005 + wtl. I checked some articles and references on polymorphism and operator overload, but haven't figured out the problems. So why it's wrong? How to correct it? Thanks in advance.

Basically the classes are used to query values (can be interpreted to different built-in types e.g. dword, char*, etc.) according to key.

Code: (you can copy it into your VC++ compiler and try)
-----

#include "stdafx.h" // wtl required

class ObjValue
{
};

class ObjKey
{
public:
class ObjValueProxy {
public:
ObjValue QueryValue() const;
operator ObjValue() const;
};
};

ObjValue ObjKey::ObjValueProxy::QueryValue() const
{
ObjValue* v = new ObjValue;
return *v;
// i don't care the value in this example
// in reality, it's the result of some query action
}

operator ObjKey::ObjValueProxy::ObjValue() const
{
return QueryValue();
}

Errors:
------

Compiling...
testoperatoroverloading.cpp
d:\test\testoperatoroverloading.cpp(25) : error C2039: 'ObjValue' : is not a member of 'ObjKey::ObjValueProxy'
d:\test\testoperatoroverloading.cpp(10) : see declaration of 'ObjKey::ObjValueProxy'
d:\test\testoperatoroverloading.cpp(26) : error C2270: '.?AVObjValue@@' : modifiers not allowed on nonmember functions
d:\test\testoperatoroverloading.cpp(26) : error C2801: 'operator ObjValue' must be a non-static member
d:\test\testoperatoroverloading.cpp(27) : error C3861: 'QueryValue': identifier not found
test - 4 error(s), 0 warning(s)

Try this:

class ObjValue
{
	int i;
};

class ObjKey
{
   public:
      class ObjValueProxy {
         public:
         ObjValue QueryValue() const;
         operator ObjValue() const  {return QueryValue();}
      };
};

ObjValue ObjKey::ObjValueProxy::QueryValue() const
{
   ObjValue* v = new ObjValue;
   return *v;
   // i don't care the value in this example
   // in reality, it's the result of some query action
}

//operator ObjKey::ObjValueProxy::ObjValue() const
//{
//   return QueryValue();
//}

Memory leak...

ObjValue* v = new ObjValue;
return *v;

right... i haven't paid attention to the memory leak since it was created to reproduce the problem in my real project...

i know it would compile in the way you proposed, but i prefer putting them outside in a separate .cpp file. and! reason has actually been found out! The correct form should be

ObjKey::ObjValueProxy::operator ObjValue() const

instead of

operator ObjKey::ObjValueProxy::ObjValue() const

Thanks anyway!