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John Simmons / outlaw programmer wrote: Multiple inheritance is dead
If it isn't, it probably should be. I remember playing with it in a 'real' language (pascal) and it really was a royal PITA to get right.
"A Journey of a Thousand Rest Stops Begins with a Single Movement"
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Multiple-inheritance is a problem in C++ when more than one base class share a common base class. For example, your class E derives from B1 and B2, and B1 and B2 both derive from A. Should your class E have one or two copies of A? The C++ answer is two, unless B1 and B2 declared A as a virtual base class, in which case they share a common set of A's members. My recollection is that this causes some other problems, though I can't recall what they are now. Something to do with construction, perhaps?
For more on this and how some other languages solve the problem, see Diamond problem[^] on Wikipedia.
Anyway, due to C++'s problems in this area, the designers of Java and then C# decided to explicitly separate out interface inheritance from base class inheritance, and only allow a single base class. C# allows explicit interface implementation in case of method name conflicts.
DoEvents: Generating unexpected recursion since 1991
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It sounds like C# is equipped to solve the problem, but MI is not the way to go. I'll look more closely at the C# approach using interfaces. Thanks!
"A Journey of a Thousand Rest Stops Begins with a Single Movement"
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I can connecto to some machine by using FTP connection.
On this machine i hold some Batch file - and i want to run some of those batch file from my machine ( the batch file will run on the remote machine ).
I mean that i need to run this batch file and its need to be same as i using explorer to see the batch file that are on this remote machine and double click on some batch file that i see on this machine.
Thanks for any help.
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private void InitMenu()
{
DevComponents.DotNetBar.BaseItem[] baseitem = new DevComponents.DotNetBar.BaseItem[menuStrip1.Items.Count];
System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem submenuitem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();
for (int ii = 0; ii < menuStrip1.Items.Count; ii++)
{
try
{
baseitem[ii] = new DevComponents.DotNetBar.SideBarPanelItem();
baseitem[ii].Name = menuStrip1.Items[ii].Name.ToString();
baseitem[ii].Text = menuStrip1.Items[ii].Text.ToString();
submenuitem = (ToolStripMenuItem)menuStrip1.Items[ii];
DevComponents.DotNetBar.ButtonItem[] buttonitem = new DevComponents.DotNetBar.ButtonItem[submenuitem.DropDownItems.Count];
for (int i = 0; i < submenuitem.DropDownItems.Count; i++)
{
if (submenuitem.DropDownItems[i].Text == "" || submenuitem.DropDownItems[i].Text.Trim() == "-") { continue; }
DevComponents.DotNetBar.ButtonItem blnitem = new DevComponents.DotNetBar.ButtonItem(submenuitem.DropDownItems[i].Name, submenuitem.DropDownItems[i].Text);
blnitem.ButtonStyle = DevComponents.DotNetBar.eButtonStyle.TextOnlyAlways;
blnitem.ImagePaddingHorizontal = 8;
//blnitem.Click += new System.EventHandler(submenuitem.DropDownItems[i].Click); // how to bind the relative menu event to blnitem
blnitem.ImagePosition = DevComponents.DotNetBar.eImagePosition.Top;
baseitem[ii].SubItems.Add(blnitem);
}
sideBar1.Panels.Add(baseitem[ii]);
sideBar1.Refresh();
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
}
}
}
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Hello everyone,
Since DateTime is struct other than class, each time when we use DateTime abc = DateTime.Now, there are two copies of DateTime structs?
1.
One instance is created by DateTime struct internally, which represents the current time, and another instance is copied from the internal instance to the value type variable abc when we perform assignment operation?
2.
I think the internal instance is a waste? Since it is useless when the value is copied to variable abc?
thanks in advance,
George
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Well, if you call it twice, the time will have probably changed....
George_George wrote: I think the internal instance is a waste? Since it is useless when the value is copied to variable abc?
You ask a lot of really bizarre questions. If I do DateTime.Now, I get a variable which stores the time I called it. If I keep that variable about, it's because I want to store that time. If I call it again, I want to get the time now, not the time I last called it.
Christian Graus
Please read this if you don't understand the answer I've given you
"also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillion OneHundredAndFortySevenMillion FourHundredAndEightyThreeThousand SixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it ) ( spaces added for the benefit of people running at < 1280x1024 )
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Thanks Chris!
So, you agree with my points (1) and (2) in original question post? And DateTime abc = DateTime.Now statement will create two copies of values?
regards,
George
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George_George wrote: And DateTime abc = DateTime.Now statement will create two copies of values?
No. It will look up the current datetime and store it in a value. There's no collection of values for every possible datetime, they get created as you ask for them.
Christian Graus
Please read this if you don't understand the answer I've given you
"also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillion OneHundredAndFortySevenMillion FourHundredAndEightyThreeThousand SixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it ) ( spaces added for the benefit of people running at < 1280x1024 )
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I agree, Chris!
But, since DateTime is a value type, so, there should be an internal copy of current time created by struct DateTime struct itself, and during assignment to variable abc, abc is another copy of "current time", so there are two copies, right?
regards,
George
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George_George wrote: But, since DateTime is a value type, so, there should be an internal copy of current time created by struct DateTime struct itself, and during assignment to variable abc, abc is another copy of "current time", so there are two copies, right?
If DateTime is a value type, then it's going to be copied when it is returned. You're talking about a collection of a handful of ints. I don't see that as a big deal, do you ?
Christian Graus
Please read this if you don't understand the answer I've given you
"also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillion OneHundredAndFortySevenMillion FourHundredAndEightyThreeThousand SixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it ) ( spaces added for the benefit of people running at < 1280x1024 )
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I agree with you Chris. My purpose is just to understand how things work from CLR principle. BTW, you mentioned -- "collection of a handful of ints", you mean the DateTime is represented by a couple of int type and the foot print is small?
regards,
George
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Does it really matter? With all the bloat built into Windows and .NET in general whats a few bytes here or there
Bob
Ashfield Consultants Ltd
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Hi Bob,
I just want to practice my understanding of C# concepts.
regards,
George
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DateTime.Now is a static property and returns a new instance of a DateTime object. The only thing in memory is the newly allocated (and returned) DateTime object.
Stop over-analyzing this crap and do some real work.
"Why don't you tie a kerosene-soaked rag around your ankles so the ants won't climb up and eat your candy ass..." - Dale Earnhardt, 1997 ----- "...the staggering layers of obscenity in your statement make it a work of art on so many levels." - Jason Jystad, 10/26/2001
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Thanks John,
What is your comments to my original question? There is additional copy, right?
regards,
George
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I suppose, but it's the same as any value type.
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Thanks PIEBALDconsult,
So, you agree with my points (1) and (2) in original question post? And DateTime abc = DateTime.Now statement will create two copies of values?
regards,
George
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Only as far as something like:
public static DateTime
Now
{
get
{
DateTime temp ;
return ( temp ) ;
}
}
(Which may not even be the case.)
In such a method, the value from the local variable gets copied to the receiving variable, so, yes, there are two variables containing the value, but I don't understand why you're asking.
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Thanks PIEBALDconsult,
Question answered. I am just interesting in some techniques, not the real value.
I think understanding of how it works internally will facilitate my grasping of the whole CLR.
regards,
George
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Temporarily yes, but even then it simply does a quadword copy in debug mode; it's very possible .NET optimizes this away in release mode so there is only one struct instance.
The temporary internal instance is required so the property has something to return. But it is discarded (unless optimized away) as soon as the new value is set.
Anyone who thinks he has a better idea of what's good for people than people do is a swine.
- P.J. O'Rourke
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Agree, thanks Joe!
regards,
George
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There are actually several different values created when calling the Now property. The Now property calls UtcNow and ToLocalTime, UtcNow calls GetSystemTimeAsFileTime, ToLocalTime calls TimeZone.CurrentTimeZone.ToLocalTime, et.c.
However, as all those values are value types, the memory is allocated on the stack. The allocation is done when the stack frame is created for each call, and actually doesn't take any extra time at all. So, the only work really done is actually moving the value, which is a single machine instruction.
Despite everything, the person most likely to be fooling you next is yourself.
modified on Tuesday, June 10, 2008 4:43 AM
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Thanks Guffa,
What do you mean "moving the value"? Could you show more description please why value type copy is just "moving the value" please?
regards,
George
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The code "DateTime abc = DateTime.Now;" results in this IL code:
call valuetype DateTime DateTime::get_Now()<br />
stloc.2
The first instruction is the call to the property and second instruction stores the return value from the call into the variable abc. That's all. No extra value, no extra nothing, just a simple call that returns a simple value.
Despite everything, the person most likely to be fooling you next is yourself.
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