|
Those are used to define the behaviour of the function's call-stack and addressing.
PASCAL means that the parameters passed to that function are arranged backwards on the stack as compared to the C/C++ calling convention. WINAPI is the same as FAR PASCAL. FAR means the function uses 32-bits for addressing. I'm not sure exactly what CALLBACK means.
You shouldn't remove them!
|
|
|
|
|
Terry O`Nolley wrote:
I'm not sure exactly what CALLBACK means.
CALLBACK is the same as __stdcall which is the same as PASCAL
--
Must I be the meat in an imbecill sandwich?
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are two basic ways of passing parameters to a function: right-to-left and the caller removes them from the stack once the function is done, or left-to-right and the function itself removes them. The former is called cdecl and the latter stdcall . All those macros (aside from FAR ) resolve to either __cdecl or __stdcall and denote the function's calling convention. They tell the compiler how to handle the parameters when the function is called.
You can ignore FAR since that is a leftover from the days of segmented memory architectures. All that went away with Win32 and its flat memory model. The various macros that all resolve to the same thing (like PASCAL and CALLBACK ) used to be different things, but again that's all gone away in Win32.
[VS hint: highlight a macro and press F12 to jump to its definition.]
--Mike--
Ericahist | CP SearchBar v2.0.2 | Homepage | RightClick-Encrypt | 1ClickPicGrabber
You cannot stop me with paramecium alone!
|
|
|
|
|
Your answers really helped, I appreciate.
So all functions have type of either _cdecl or _stdcall (functions are _cdecl by default?), and neither of them are important anymore in Win32. But were they important in Win16? If I messed up with the two types in a Win16 application, what would go wrong?
|
|
|
|
|
They do important in Win32. First and foremost __cdecl and __stdcall identify a calling convention of a function.
Calling convention includes 2 major things:
- argument passing order in the stack
- stack cleaning responsibility.
A code of a function and a code of a call to that function must agree and support the same calling convention. Because these codes can be located in differnt compilation units (files), the information about calling convention must be known by linker, alltogether with the function name. This information is passed to linker in the form of a decorated function name. Decoration schemes for __cdecl and __stdcall types of call are different.
That means that if we have, for example, __cdecl function defined in one file and declaration of this funcion as __stdcall in another file (say, by mistake), we will not be able to call this function from another file. The linker will complain about unresolved external symbol.
Note that C++ uses other than C decoration schemes both for __cdecl and __stdcall.
bni777
|
|
|
|
|
Anyone help me with automation in word...trying to get a .jpg logo in header of first page ONLY of a report?? I would appreciate some code as an example. I can load a .jpg, but it goes to the header of ALL pages right now, and thats not what I am looking for. Alos, how do I get a footer done, say with some text and page numer of report? I want to use MFC. Here is my code to load the .jpg to all pages:
// Get the documents collection and add a new document
Documents documents(application.GetDocuments());
_Document document;
document = documents.Add(&varEmpty,&varEmpty,&varEmpty,&varEmpty);
// Get the selection - this is the bit that we actually do the writing to
Selection selection(application.GetSelection());
//loads header for all pages****not what I want
Sections sections(document.GetSections()); // document is your instance of _Document
Section section1(sections.Item(1));
HeadersFooters headers(section1.GetHeaders());
HeaderFooter header(headers.Item(1));
Range rangeHeader(header.GetRange());
InlineShapes shapes(rangeHeader.GetInlineShapes());
shapes.AddPicture("C:\\Inspec\\LogoInspec.jpg", &varEmpty, &varEmpty, &varEmpty);
header.SetLinkToPrevious(FALSE);
*****************************************
Thanks for your help.
|
|
|
|
|
if i remember word lets u define different headers for different pages kinda like style sheets in html
my guess would be u have to set a diff (non-jpg) header for the subsequent report pages
"there is no spoon" biz stuff about me
|
|
|
|
|
So...I want to be able to layer CBitmaps,CStatics, and CRichEditCtrls in a way similar to either Microsoft Publisher or Adobe Photoshop. What's the best way to do this? (and, maybe you could also give me some hints as to how to properly print something like that).
halblonious
|
|
|
|
|
multiple memdc's with alpha blending of the bitmaps contained there-in
printing would be the same
"there is no spoon" biz stuff about me
|
|
|
|
|
OK, thanks. I don't suppose you could give me a quick run-down or a little example of how to do that? I've been programming for like a year now, but everything's still news to me.
halblonious
|
|
|
|
|
hi all
how do i confine users on a computer for delete,rename folders & formatting drive
i know hooking usage but i dont know to trap
wiche message?do u know.
|
|
|
|
|
I am not sure what you are trying to do. Do you want to stop users of your software from using delete, rename, and formatting?
Well I do not have an answer but I do have a recommendation. The best book on advanced Windows programming is "Programming Applications for Microsoft Windows" 4th Edition by Jeffrey Richter.
Enjoy and good luck!
INTP
|
|
|
|
|
The question is not what you enable users to use but what you disable.
By hooking API functions you redirect execution of this functions to yours by modifying the Import Address Table in system dll's linked to executables.
The solution to your problem is therefore hooking all functions (e.g.:CopyFile, ReadFile, WriteFile) which you want users to not use.
A good place to start:
http://www.codeproject.com/useritems/api_monitoring_unleashed.asp[^]
Peter Molnar
|
|
|
|
|
When using int's, CString's, etc in my MFC app's I have declared the ones required for the life of the object in my class header file and then used them where needed in helper functions. Now I am tring to use CList templates (read newbie) in the following way
#include <afxtempl.h>
class whatever
{
public
void AddWords();
.
CList<cstring, cstring&=""> wordList;
.
.
};
whatever::AddWords
{
CString temp;
//CList<cstring, cstring&=""> wordList;
.
.
wordList.AddTail(temp);
.
.
}
when I do this I get an assertion error stating
if (!AfxIsValidAddress(pOb, sizeof(CObject)))
{
TRACE0("ASSERT_VALID fails with illegal pointer.\n");
if (AfxAssertFailedLine(lpszFileName, nLine))
AfxDebugBreak();
BUT, when I create wordList in the AddWords helper function (ie uncomment here and comment there) my code works fine.
I have trawled through books and websites to no avail for an answer so now think this must be a really stupid question. Never the less, I need an answer and would appreciate any help.
Thanks in advance.
Dave
|
|
|
|
|
Dave again, just to let you know Im not a complete numpty and the formatting performed by the HTML,PHP whatever editor removed part of my message. should have read
CList:CString, CString&: wordList;
where the : is the appropriate greater than or less than symbol. same for my include which is of course afxtempl.h
thanks
|
|
|
|
|
I just posted and deleted my post because I feel its incredibly dumb. (What I want to do I know how to with CSdioFIle and atof, but I want to try with fread). I have a txt file that looks like this:
0
0.0500
0.0990
0.1490
0.1980
0.2430
0.2870
0.3310
0.3740
0.4150
0.4530
0.4920
0.5300
with the leading spaces (4 spaces). I copied this data from matlab and pasted into notepad. I want to load this data into an array of doubles. I did the following but evidently I dont know how to use fread inspite of re-reading the docs and googling. It just doesnt click
FILE* fpRed = fopen("red64.txt", "r");
if (!fpRed ) return;
double red64[64];
while (!feof(fpRed))
{
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
fread(red64+i, sizeof(double), 10, fpRed);
double r = red64[i];
}
}
fclose(fpRed);
I put down 10 because its 4 white spaces + 6 spaces in the number itself.
If theres invisible stuff in the file I dont know......
Thanks for helping,
ns
|
|
|
|
|
Are you sure there are four spaces at the beginning, and not one tab?
|
|
|
|
|
It backs up one by one four spaces. If it were a tab what would I do for nItemstoRead?
Anyways for the first few elements I removed the spaces so there numbers start flush at the left, and yet when I step through I get garbage. This time I said nItems = 6 since 0.5000 etc.
Thanks for helping,
ns
|
|
|
|
|
First of, fread fills a buffer you specify with characters read from the file. Characters are different from numbers. For example, a char number[2] = "32" is NOT the same thing as int a = 32
Secondly, a file is just lots of characters placed sequentically, with occasional control markers placed between. There are NO NUMBERS there. So you just cannot read doubles from a file. That just does not work.
Now, let's redo this thing..
FILE* fInput = fopen("red64.txt", "rt");<DIV>
if ( !fInput )
return;<DIV>
char buffer[20] = { NULL };
char number[8] = { NULL };
double red64[64];<DIV>
int nDoublePos = 0;<DIV>
while ( !feof(fInput) )
{
fgets( &buffer[0], 19, fInput );<DIV>
int nPosition = 0;
int nLinePos = 0;<DIV>
while ( buffer[nLinePos] != '\n' )
{
if ( isdigit( buffer[nLinePos] ) || buffer[nLinePos] == '.' )
{
number[nPosition++] = buffer[nLinePos];
}<DIV>
nLinePos++;
}<DIV>
if ( number[0] != NULL )
red64[nDoublePos++] = atof( &number[0] );<DIV>
memset( &buffer[0], 0, sizeof(buffer) );
memset( &number[0], 0, sizeof(number) );
}
Here's a basic idea on how the conversion is implemented. First we read a line to the buffer string. Then we step through the line, copying characters that are either numbers or a '.' character. Then we convert from a string of numbers to a double value using atof .
Don't use the above code blindly, check it for errors, as the forum formatting might've tricked me again
An alternative method would be to read the whole crap into one big buffer, then obtain a pointer to the start of that buffer and always when detecting a number, using atof to convert the number to a double.
-Antti Keskinen
----------------------------------------------
The definition of impossible is strictly dependant
on what we think is possible.
|
|
|
|
|
Thank you so much for your detailed response! I see I had totally misunderstood fread! I'll check it out. I had thought CStdioFile and atof was too circuitous but I now see that fread is also doing chars.....
thanks,
ns
|
|
|
|
|
Good answer!
Minor detail:
char number[2] = "32"; // Outch: char number[2] = {'3','2','\0'}
Should be
char number[3] = "32"; // Ok
even in our sleep.
Sorry automatic reaction when I see a line of code (even example code) that makes my heart skip a beat.
INTP
|
|
|
|
|
In an anonymous Citrix session authenticate to a printer (net use <printer> at a command prompt). Then execute code that calls
HDC hDC = CreateDC(NULL, <device name of printer>, NULL, NULL)
If the Citrix box is running Win2000 this works. A valid device context is returned and you can print to it.
If the Citrix box is running Win2003 the returned HDC is NULL, but GetLastError() also returns zero.
Does anyone know if this is a defect in the OS or how to get around it?
fred.
|
|
|
|
|
Hello,
I'm having trouble porting data. Here's the situation. An app written in VC++ has a data structure which uses MS data types (DWORD etc.) and standard tpyes. It defined a variable to be of this structure and wrote the data to a file. Now, I write an app in UNIX to read the original data back and load it into a local variable defined to be the same structure as before. Of course, UNIX does not contain types such as HANDLE. I tried my best to re-define the structure with equivalent data types. However, I run into a problem. I used sizeof to get the size of the structure in both app's. It is larger on windows. I assume it's due to the byte boundry issue when windows goes to allocate memory. The offending data type I think is __int64, but it's defined under both platforms (a long long I think). Any work around?? Thanks.
|
|
|
|
|
Humm..
I've created very little software for *nix platforms, but I'd consider that this problem is, like you stated, related to the new 64-bit architecture-compatible values. Following is an extract from MSDN:
"The Microsoft specific types __int8, __int16, and __int32 are synonyms for the ANSI types that have the same size, and are useful for writing portable code that behaves identically across multiple platforms. The __int8 data type is synonymous with type char, __int16 is synonymous with type short, and __int32 is synonymous with type int. The __int64 type has no ANSI equivalent."
As you see, there is no equivalence for __int64 in ANSI standard, so I doubt that the *nix compiler you are using supports the completely similar __int64 as MSVC++ uses. There is no existing standard here yet.. The 'long long' is at best a vague
My suggestion is that you go back to the original code and see if there are any values that you can redefine to 32-bit types. Other option would be to fetch a compiler that supports ILP64 data model standard. In there, 'int' and 'long' are 64-bit values, and 'int32' is a 32-bit value.
Alternatively, see if you compiler supports the "System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 5 (XSH)" definition. In here, a header 'inttypes.h' contains a type 'int64_t' for 64-bit integers.
-Antti Keskinen
----------------------------------------------
The definition of impossible is strictly dependant
on what we think is possible.
|
|
|
|