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- Thanks, Nish pal!
- Your reply have clarified all my doubts.
- Have a nice weekend,
Maer
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Nish is right. The central part here is "Not UNIX", which would give an recursive acronyme like '_NU'. One of the few english words that would fit that template would be 'gnu'...
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- Thanks, moliate pal!
- Yep, I think you are right and smart. You must be a fan of UNIX.
- Well, another question arises in my head. I do not know why they do not use the UNIX kernel and write a new version of their own. Why not just implement the binaries of UNIX and use the UNIX kernel? It is a nice kernel, isn't it?
- Can you help?
- Have a nice weekend,
Maer
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The keyword is "Free software" (guess that is two words). In Swedish there are two different words: "gratis", meaning "free of cost" and "fri", meaning free in the liberty sense. GNU software use both definitions. That means you can do all the things below:
(From the GNU hompage)
- The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
- The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
- The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).
- The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits. (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
There is a whole family of UNIX-like OS:es and kernels, like BSD, freeBSD, Linux, AIX, XENIX, HP-UX, SCO, Solaris.... Most of them are not "Free" in any definition and does not make the source available. GNU did not write any kernel, but provide a lot of functionality that make up the OS, like the most common shellcommands (Fileutils).
Stallman himself is an idealist and don't use any "Non-Free" software.
> - Yep, I think you are right and smart. You must be a fan of UNIX.
Thanks . I am a Windows programmer, like most of us in here, but I have done some occational Linux programming (and some on "non-free" Solaris).
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- Thanks pal!
- Your reply helps a lot. I still have a question.
- What means "es" in your reply? (" ... es and kernels ... " )
- Can you help me, a newbie?
- Have a nice weekend,
Maer
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That was a unsuccessful attempt to find a plural form for OS. I should have written "operating systems" instead..
/*english is not my first language* moliate
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See http://www.gnu.org/
Nish
Sonork ID 100.9786 voidmain
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- Thanks, Nish pal!
- After a qiuck view of "http://www.gnu.org/", I still do not find the definition of GNU.
- Can you help?
- Regards,
Maer
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The word 'gnu' originates from the animal with the same name. I think it is an animal that looks like a deer with long shapely horns.
GNU has a recursive definition of Gnu is Not Unix
Richard M Stallman was inspired by the 'Not Unix' part and so wanted to have a GNU OS.
Right now GNU has all the required UNIX binaries except for the kernel. That's why we have GNU/Linux - which is basically a UNIX distribution with the GNU tools and utilities running on top of a Linux kernel
RMS [Stallman] and gang will soon release the HURD kernel which is the GNU kernel. Once that is finished we will have a GNU operating system [no linux]
Hope this helps....
Nish
Sonork ID 100.9786 voidmain
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- Thanks, Nish pal!
- What means "UNIX binaries" in your reply?
- Regards,
Maer
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The executable files like ls and cat
Nish
Sonork ID 100.9786 voidmain
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- Thanks, Nish pal!
- I still have a question. Why they do not use the UNIX kernel? I think the UNIX kernel is nice kernel.
- Can you help?
- Regards,
Maer
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Presumably because the UNIX kernel is not free nor is it open-source.
I could be wrong though. And there might be other legal issues involved.
Nish
Sonork ID 100.9786 voidmain
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If my memory serves my right the deer with the long shapely horns is an Oryx antilope. The gnu is also called a wilderbeest, lives on the big plains in Africa (saw them myself on a safari to Kenya), notably on the Masai Mara plain spanning Kenya and Tanzania. Here they migrate from north to south (and back, obviously ) in flocks counting millions of individuals. It was a gnu stampeed that killed Simba's father in Lion King. Gnus look like a smallish, ugly ox. So why anybody would name a Unix clone after this is beyond my comprehension
Cheers
Steen.
"To claim that computer games influence children is rediculous. If Pacman had influenced children born in the 80'ies we would see a lot of youngsters running around in dark rooms eating pills while listening to monotonous music"
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So why anybody would name a Unix clone after this is beyond my comprehension
they kinda like animals
even imaginary ones
gnu, gnome, jackal, tomcat...
and tux is a penguin of all animals !!!
Nish
Sonork ID 100.9786 voidmain
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In essence, it means nothing.
Unix people have a wierd sense of humor. There is another famous Unix program called Yacc (which I think stands for "Yet Another Compiler Compiler"), and another named Bison (who knows what that means? Anyway, these are both ruminants (ie cattle), so whatever joker came up with the Gnu project decided to name it after yet another herdbeast. (Why they didn't name it BULL is beyond me.)
Later, some clown decided to get funny and tag a meaningless recursive definition to the name: Gnu's Not Unix. Yawn. I hate to think what these nuts name their kids.
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- Thanks, Jim pal!
- Yep, I think you are right and smart. You must be a fan of UNIX.
- Well, another question arises in my head. I do not know why they do not use the UNIX kernel and write a new version of their own. Why not just implement the binaries of UNIX and use the UNIX kernel? It is a nice kernel, isn't it?
- Can you help?
- Have a nice weekend,
Maer
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- What is the difference between a normal function and a static function?
- For example, static int StaticFunc(int n);
- Can you show me an example?
- Regards,
Maer
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When static is applied to a global function it means the function is visible only in that .CPP file.
--Mike--
http://home.inreach.com/mdunn/
#include "witty_sig.h"
your with and
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- Thanks pal!
- Your reply helps a lot. But I still have a question. What means "global function"?
- Can you show me an example?
- Regards,
Maer
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I'm not sure why you'd make a global function static ( I only glanced at Michael's answer, but whatever he says is most certainly correct. ).
A static function loses one of the characteristics of a normal function, that it must be called from a this pointer. In other words, if I have a class called CGraus, and I add a function called EmptyWallet, the I would need to call it from within my class, or through an instance of my class. A static function is like a static variable, it only exists once. A less frivolous xe examples exists in GDI+. The Bitmap class has a static function called FromFile. This means instead of
Bitmap bm;
bm.FromFile("Claudia Schiffer.jpg");
I do it like this:
Bitmap * bm = Bitmap::FromFile("Michelle Pfeiffer.jpg");
You'll notice when I call the function there isn't necessarily an instance of Bitmap in memory, certainly the constructor for my pointer has not been called, and is in fact called by my method. For this reason, I suspect the most useful way to use static functions is for methods to initialise pointers of the class in question.
I hope I've not muddied the waters too much.
Christian
After all, there's nothing wrong with an elite as long as I'm allowed to be part of it!! - Mike Burston Oct 23, 2001
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To answer your doubt about globally static functions. Basically this goes back to good old C, where there are only two types of functions, global and static. The syntactic difference is that static functions have the word "static" in their definition and global ones do not. Static functions are visible only inside the file in which they're compiled. Global functions are visible among all the files in the project. So if you have files A.c and B.c, they can each have a static function with the same name and the linker will treat them as two different functions. But if you remove the static modifier from them, the linker will see the same (global) function defined multiple times and give you an error.
So, basically, in C you'd want to make a function "static" when it's only going to be used inside the file it's defined and you want to avoid possible name collisions.
Regards,
Alvaro
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Cool - thanks for the reply, that expands on what Michael said and I understand how it works now.
Christian
After all, there's nothing wrong with an elite as long as I'm allowed to be part of it!! - Mike Burston Oct 23, 2001
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- Thanks, Alvaro pal!
- Your reply helps a lot. I still have a question. I think the functionality of "static" changes in C++, it means a function that can be called without a pointer.
- Since I am a newbie, I do not know whether I am correct.
- Yep, still a trouble. Can the function of "static" in the oldie and goldie C still be used in C++? Are they the same?
- Can you help?
- Have a nice day,
Maer
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- You're welcome.
- In C++ "static" can also be used for class/struct member functions. This allows you to call it without having an instance of the class/struct. So if you have this:
class A
{
public: static void foo();
};
You can then call it directly, like this:
A::foo();
without needing to first create an instance of A.
- Static C functions work the same way in C++. They're only local to the file in which they're compiled. So if you have a static C function, only that C file can see it.
- Hope to have helped, but you really need to pick up a couple of C/C++ books and read them thoroughly.
- Regards,
Alvaro
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