You need to create an AttachedDependencyProperty that you'll apply to the top level of the ComboBox and then in your ControlTemplate you'll bind to with something like:
<Image Width="35" Height="35" Source="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(y:MyClass.ComboImage)}" HorizontalAlignment="Left"/>
You can find something very similiar dealing with brushes in my tip
here.[
^].