In my previous article I provided some information on the Tektronix TDS 340 100 MHz digital storage oscilloscope and instructions on how to install the Option 14 card to get VGA output and support for hard copy. This article will provide some further information on interfacing the oscilloscope with a computer using the RS-232 port to retrieve raw signal data and share some of my interesting findings.
Using the serial interface
The oscilloscope serial port must first be configured inside the Utility>System I/O menu and a cross-over serial cable is needed to connect the oscilloscope to the PC. It is best to turn off both hardware and software handshaking as they are not going to help much and will just cause problems. The recommended serial settings are 19200bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit and carriage-return (CR) line ending.
To check if the connection is working, use a terminal software such as Tera Term Web 3.1, configure it to echo characters locally with CR line ending, and type ID? followed by the ENTER key to ask the oscilloscope to return its identifier string, which should look like:
TEK/TDS340,CF:91.1CT,FV:v1.00
Commands are case-insensitive and multiple commands or responses are separated by a line ending character (CR, LF or CR/LF as configured). Commands ending with a question mark (?) are queries and a response from the oscilloscope is to be expected. Commands not ending with a question mark will simply be executed by the oscilloscope with no value returned. To check if there are any errors during command execution, use the following:
*ESR? // Show the value of the Event Status Register
ALLE? // Return the error log, which will show any errors with the commands previously sent
The following command set, extracted from the programmer manual, measures the frequency of the input signal at channel 1:
MEASU:IMM:SOURCE CH1 // Set measurement source to Channel 1
MEASU:IMM:TYPE FREQ // Measure the signal frequency
MEASU:IMM:VAL? // Get the measurement value
If the probe of channel 1 is connected to the 1kHz calibration point in front of the oscilloscope, the above command set would return a value of approximately 1.0000E3, indicating a frequency of 1000Hz.
Retrieving raw waveform data
Command CURV? is used to ask the oscilloscope for the raw measurement data of the waveform being displayed. The following code will return all 1000 data points in the oscilloscope data acquisition memory:
DAT:SOU CH1 // Measurement source to Channel 1
DAT:ENC ASCI // ASCII format
DAT:WID 2 // 2 bytes data width
DAT:STAR 1 // first data point
DAT:STOP 1000 // last data point (1000th)
CURV? // get waveform data
The response will be a set of comma separated integers:
22784,23040,-6656,[…..],-6656,23040
The range of each returned integer value is –128 to 127 when DAT:WID is 1. Zero is center screen. The range is –32768 to 32767 when DAT:WID is 2. The upper limit is one division above the top of the screen and the lower limit is one division below the bottom of the screen.
To properly interpret the data, it will be useful to know the oscilloscope settings via the WFMPR? command, which will return the following:
2;16;ASC;RP;MSB;”Ch1, DC coupling, 2.0E0 V/div, 5.0E-4 s/div, 1000 points, Sample mode”;1000;Y;”s”;1.0E-5;500;”Volts”;3.125E-4;1.28E4;0.0E0
Among the returned values, the voltage per division, the time per division and sampling rate parameters (highlighted) will be needed to accurately analyze the returned data.
Taking a screenshot of the oscilloscope
A screenshot of the oscilloscope display can be captured progammatically using the following commands:
HARDC ABO // abort any existing hard copy
HARDC:FORM BMP // set hard copy format to bitmap
HARDC:PORT RS232 // hard copy port to RS232
HARDC STAR // start hard copy
The image data will be sent via the serial link. Unlike other commands, there is no end of file marker for the HARDC STAR command. To identify when to stop receiving data programmatically, one way is to count the number of bytes received and compare with the expected value. As the file size could vary depending on the hard copy output settings, an easier way is to assume that the hard copy operation has ended if no data is received after a certain period, e.g. 2 seconds.
Custom PC interface software
With some free time I made a .NET application that allows the user to retrieve the frequency measurements, waveform data as well as taking a screenshot of the oscilloscope:
To use the application, first configure the serial port settings (port number, baud rate) and click on Open Port to initialize the serial interface. The Activity Log text box shows the commands sent and responses received. The Screenshot button will request for a screenshot from the oscilloscope and show it in the application. If option Show original color is checked, the application will convert the black-on-white image returned by the TDS340 to green-on-black, to make it look more like a real screenshot.The Event Log button will show all error messages currently in the oscilloscope event log.
The application is using the SerialPort component of the .NET framework. It assumes that both hardware and software handshaking is disabled in the oscilloscope serial settings. Interestingly, even with handshaking disabled, the DTR (Data Terminal Ready) and RTS (Ready To Send) lines must be on, otherwise the oscilloscope will not respond to the data sent. This is done using the following C# code:
SerialPort1.Handshake = false;
SerialPort1.DtrEnable = true;
SerialPort1.RtsEnable = true;
Due to the asynchronous nature of the DataReceived event of the .NET SerialPort component and the limited time that I have, I did not attempt to make the application wait for all data to be received before enabling the action buttons. For this reason, you will need to wait for a while and check the activity log after pressing any button to make sure that the command has finished executing before peforming the next action, otherwise the application behavior may be unexpected.
Download the PC application here
The Visual Studio 2012 source code is included in the download package. Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 (which is installed by default on Windows 7 or later) is required. The executable can be found in the bin folder. You can also find on GitHub the application source code and executable. The GitHub repository also contains some minor user interface improvements made by joesphan that are not available in the original source code.
Downloads for TDS 340A, TDS 360 & TDS 380 oscilloscopes:
User Manual
Technical Reference
Programmer Manual
Service Manual
See also:
Exploring Tektronix TDS 340 100MHz digital storage oscilloscope
Calibration and acquisition problems on Tektronix TDS 340 oscilloscope
